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从升龙拳到德玛西亚——“喊招”漫谈

由于最近抱病，拖延了本文的进度，今天是周日，开始动笔，以飨大侠。

什么是喊招？

“喊招”，字面意思就是要把“招”的名字“喊”出来，也就是在施放一种技能或使用一种技术的时候同时会把这个招的名字喊出来。这在日本的少年题材动漫中极其常见，只要是涉及战斗或者运动题材的漫画，主角们基本都有一两个“必杀技”。后来游戏中也沿用了这一点，并且一些“喊招”也不只是单纯的喊招的名字，而可能是会呼喊固定的短语或短句，因而这种更类似于“Battlecry”。还有一种则类似于咒语，在执行某些行动的时候会招牌式地念一遍，会让男少年儿童们感觉帅气无比并且争相模仿，我们姑且把这类叫做“咒语”类，因而总结一下，本文所要涉及的喊招一共分以下三种：

  1. 喊招类，发动技能的时候呼喊技能的名字
  2. 战吼类，执行行动的时候呼喊特定的短语或短句
  3. 咒文类，会让男少年儿童们感觉帅气无比并争相模仿的招牌式长句

喊招：耗油跟！

喊招在日本的少男题材动漫中非常的常见，举几个有代表性的例子：

龟派气功：Kamehameha，每次用的时候使用的角色基本都会喊，由于是5个音节，国内在译制动画片的时候煞费苦心地也凑成了5个字“龟派气功波”。

下一个例子是《秀逗魔导士》中的大招“龙破斩”，这招放之前还会有一段咒文，所以同时满足了1喊招和3咒文两类，作为该设定中的终极大招，威力十足。咒文如下：

黄昏よりも昏きもの
血の流れより紅きもの
時の流れに埋もれし
偉大な汝の名において
我ここに　闇に誓わん
我等が前に立ち塞がりし
すべての愚かなるものに
我と汝が力もて
等しく滅びを与えんことを

咒文念完了就喊招了。咒文如此之长导致动画必须在其念咒的时候配上一套动作，因为如果傻站着念难免就不帅了。如此又导致了另一种类型的诞生：如果只有那么一套动作，不配咒文的话会是啥样呢？大概会是《圣斗士星矢》里冰河使用钻石星尘拳之前那套长达几十秒的莫名其妙的“舞蹈”，或者是所有变身系动画中的变身时刻吧。

从上面这个视频我们能听到“波动拳”“升龙拳”“龙卷旋风脚”等必杀技的喊招，《街头霸王》可能一直是喊招格斗游戏的代表，国内风靡源于《街霸2》，由于其板子音频质量太差，导致升龙拳一直被我国劳苦大众误听为“耗油跟”。

除了游戏动漫以外，日本的其他文化产品也是有“喊招”的，比如在80年代初风靡我国的偶像电视剧《排球女将》，其女主角小鹿纯子的必杀技“晴空霹雳”连蹦带喊带招牌式动作，必杀味儿十足。

最后我要举一个国产游戏喊招的例子：《虚拟人生》，该游戏类似于大富翁，与怪物进行战斗的时候会“喊招”，而且这些招统统是四字短语，详情点击这里。由于该游戏过于古老，图片与视频都很难找到，对中文喊招感兴趣的玩家可以直接下载该游戏一试。

战吼：谁棱挡我！

欧美大概普遍更喜欢战吼而不是喊招，因为喊招就涉及要有“招”可放，而且值得喊的一般都是“大招”，说实在的喊招实在是有点……让看的人都会觉得丢脸，因而比起日系常见的喊招，欧美范儿的Battlecry笔者更容易接受。

近年《英雄联盟》在我国风靡，德玛西亚之力盖伦的战吼“德玛西亚（Demacia）”由于霸气十足，威武雄壮，广受我国互动娱乐爱好者称道，可以称其为战吼类的代表作。

RTS大部分是欧美货，为了强化玩家操作的反馈，所有单位都会在玩家下达指令后播放一定的语音，以让玩家确切地感知该指令已经成功下达了。早期的RTS游戏无论下达的指令是什么，单位都会从语音列表中随机抽取一个播放，后来的RTS游戏中选择单位、移动单位、攻击单位等等不同的指令分别有了不同的语音列表，而涉及到攻击行为或释放技能的语音列表，就显得很“喊招”了。

《战锤40K》中的兽人族（Ork）因其战吼“Waaagh！”而著名。

战吼与必杀技的重大区别在于，战吼是在大规模作战中喊给友军壮士气，威慑敌军用的，而必杀技更多的是一种个体对个体的行为。我真的很好奇日本究竟是何种文化基因孕育出出喊招这一朵奇葩的。

“Leeeeeeeerooooooooooy Jenkins!”《魔兽世界》衍生的著名战吼。

有用的好的，就有用的烂的。张艺谋在《英雄》中杜撰秦军士兵三呼“风，风，大风”，我在看这部电影的时候没觉得有多么鼓舞士气，反而觉得很是莫名其妙。另外就是上面视频中的司马懿了，必杀技作为一种个体行为放到千军万马中还要喊招，结果就是这么奇怪了——为了赋予角色特色而强加的过分脸谱化让人觉得做作。

咒文：In brightest day, in blackest night,No evil shall escape my sight.Let those who worship evil’s might,Beware my power, Green Lantern’s light!!!

咒文这东西，中二程度是比“喊招”还高一个层次的，所以一定要慎用。上面标题那一大长串东西是《绿灯侠》从上世纪40年代开始沿用至今的Green Lantern oath。

上面这个是手冢治虫的《三眼神童》召唤红色神鹰的咒语，而且同时主角也会变身。托尔金是很喜欢这类东西的，并且由于其在语言学上的造诣，《指环王》中诞生了很多经典的咒语。

我们不妨想象一下，如果超人、蝙蝠侠、钢铁侠或者佐罗这种变身系英雄在变身的时候有一段长达几十秒的华丽变身动画，配上特定的激发情绪的音乐，念一大段厉害的咒语，并且在变身结束后会摆出一个招牌性的pose，将会是多么的有意思，比如像下面这样：

那么，喊招、战吼和咒语，你最喜欢哪种？

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